Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 434–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.35

• intermolecular bond. Such an attempt is a promising approach to realize molecular nanoelectronics using molecule–polymer nanojunctions. Molecular nanoarchitectonics of single molecule heterowires of conducting polymers has also been reported. Sakaguchi et al. realized the synthesis of molecular heterowires by a

Paper-based triboelectric nanogenerators and their applications: a review

• Jing Han,
• Nuo Xu,
• Yuchen Liang,
• Mei Ding,
• Junyi Zhai,
• Qijun Sun and
• Zhong Lin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 151–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.12

• ., metal nanowires, conducting polymers, carbon nanotube (CNT) inks, multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) inks, and reduced graphene oxide) [69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82], can be easily absorbed or used as a coating layer on the surface of the paper due to its wettability and

ZnO and MXenes as electrode materials for supercapacitor devices

• Ameen Uddin Ammar,
• Ipek Deniz Yildirim,
• Feray Bakan and
• Emre Erdem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 49–57, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.4

• supercapacitors [15]. Until now, carbon (high surface area), metal oxides (high specific capacitance and low resistance), and conducting polymers are used as electrode materials. The issues of cost, stability, and lifetime are not resolved yet [15]. Graphene seems like one of the possible main electrode materials

Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles

• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Marwa Akkari,
• Nithima Khaorapapong and
• Makoto Ogawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1140–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.114

• electronic characteristics, or by adding conducting polymers with different degrees of transparency, or black electronic collectors such as graphene and CNT components to the nanoarchitectured clay-based materials. Photosensitization using organic components is a potential way to improve the photo-efficiency

Widening of the electroactivity potential range by composite formation – capacitive properties of TiO₂/BiVO₄/PEDOT:PSS electrodes in contact with an aqueous electrolyte

• Konrad Trzciński,
• Mariusz Szkoda,
• Andrzej P. Nowak,
• Marcin Łapiński and
• Anna Lisowska-Oleksiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 483–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.49

• Ti/TiO2:H/BiVO4:H electrode material could be further covered by conducting polymer prepared via electrodeposition. Beside many possible applications of conducting polymers like hole-transport material [63], electrochromic layers [64], electrochemical sensors [65] and gas sensors [66], a conducting

Ternary nanocomposites of reduced graphene oxide, polyaniline and hexaniobate: hierarchical architecture and high polaron formation

• Claudio H. B. Silva,
• Maria Iliut,
• Christopher Muryn,
• Christian Berger,
• Zachary Coldrick,
• Vera R. L. Constantino,
• Marcia L. A. Temperini and
• Aravind Vijayaraghavan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2936–2946, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.272

• properties when compared to individual phases or enable new technological applications [1][2][3]. For instance, ternary nanocomposites (conducting polymers, metal oxides and carbon-based materials) exhibit improved energy and power densities, improved stabilities upon charge/discharge cycles [4], and higher

Graphene-enhanced metal oxide gas sensors at room temperature: a review

• Dongjin Sun,
• Yifan Luo,
• Marc Debliquy and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2832–2844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.264

• micromorphology of hybrids. An important way to enhance the selectivity of composite sensors is mixing or doping with other phases (noble metals or conducting polymers). Similarly, the recovery time can be reduced by surface functionalization of graphene/metal-oxide hybrids with specific functional molecules such

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

Oxidative chemical vapor deposition of polyaniline thin films

• Yuriy Y. Smolin,
• Masoud Soroush and
• Kenneth K. S. Lau

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1266–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.128

• can be used for depositing PANI and for effectively controlling the chemical state of PANI. Keywords: conducting polymers; emeraldine oxidation state; oxidative chemical vapor deposition; polyaniline; thin film processing; Introduction Conducting polymers (CPs) have attracted considerable attention

• in recent years for their use in solar cells [1][2][3][4][5][6], batteries [7], supercapacitors [8][9][10][11][12], sensors [13], biosensors [14], and microelectronics [15][16]. As devices continue to decrease in size, the integration of conducting polymers within nanomaterials using conventional

• cycle life even after 5000 cycles due to the robust ultrathin coatings [32]. In addition, our study of the copolymerization of thiophene and pyrrole via oCVD showed enhanced conductivity and stability of the copolymers [33]. In view of experimental evidence that oCVD conducting polymers show favorable

Synthesis of coaxial nanotubes of polyaniline and poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) by oxidative/initiated chemical vapor deposition

• Alper Balkan,
• Efe Armagan and
• Gozde Ozaydin Ince

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 872–882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.89

• effect and surface tension. Thus, vapor-phase polymerization techniques have emerged for the deposition of conducting polymers that facilitate the fabrication of conformal polymeric structures [21][22]. Polyaniline (PANI) is one of the well-known conducting polymers with applications in supercapacitors

Sensitive detection of hydrocarbon gases using electrochemically Pd-modified ZnO chemiresistors

• Elena Dilonardo,
• Michele Penza,
• Marco Alvisi,
• Gennaro Cassano,
• Cinzia Di Franco,
• Francesco Palmisano,
• Luisa Torsi and
• Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 82–90, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.9

• scientific community. HCs gas sensors based on organic conducting polymers (such as polyaniline (PANI) [15][16], polypyrrole (PPy) [17] and polythiophene (PTh) [18]) and on carbon-based nanomaterials with desired functionality and conductivity (e.g., carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [19] and graphene [20]) exhibit a

Scanning probe microscopy studies on the adsorption of selected molecular dyes on titania

• Jakub S. Prauzner-Bechcicki,
• Lukasz Zajac,
• Piotr Olszowski,
• Res Jöhr,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Bartosz Such,
• Ernst Meyer and
• Marek Szymonski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1642–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.156

• molecules or conducting polymers offer several advantages, e.g., they are relatively cheap to fabricate and can be used on flexible substrates [1]. The use of organic sensitizers allows even wide-band-gap semiconductors to be used in photovoltaic applications. Semiconductors with large band gaps offer

Ammonia gas sensors based on In₂O₃/PANI hetero-nanofibers operating at room temperature

• Qingxin Nie,
• Zengyuan Pang,
• Hangyi Lu,
• Yibing Cai and
• Qufu Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1312–1321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.122

• [15], acetone [16] and formaldehyde [17]. However, for most metal oxides, there is the drawback of a required high operation temperature, about 300 °C, which will increase the energy consumption [18]. Compared with metal oxides, sensors based on conducting polymers show low power consumption and can

• commonly used conducting polymers has received considerable attention. However, the sensitivity of PANI remains to be improved [21][22]. To conquer the limitations mentioned above, the combination of metal oxide and conducting polymers have been developed as an effective way to achieve enhanced performance

Fabrication and characterization of branched carbon nanostructures

• Sharali Malik,
• Yoshihiro Nemoto,
• Hongxuan Guo,
• Katsuhiko Ariga and
• Jonathan P. Hill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1260–1266, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.116

• offer benefits for applications such as transport, energy storage/conversion and bone/tooth replacement. Hence, the mechanical properties of CNTs are utilized in reinforcing polymer composites [1][2][3][4], and their electrical conductivity is utilized for conducting polymers [4][5][6]. Under tensile

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

Effects of electronic coupling and electrostatic potential on charge transport in carbon-based molecular electronic junctions

• Richard L. McCreery

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 32–46, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.4

• predicts that the transport is proportional to t2(N − 1), where N is the number of “sites” between the contacts [48]. For transport in conducting polymers, Hab is related to charge propagation between polarons both along the chain and between different chains [49][50]. These theories include a barrier

A single-source precursor route to anisotropic halogen-doped zinc oxide particles as a promising candidate for new transparent conducting oxide materials

• Daniela Lehr,
• Markus R. Wagner,
• Johanna Flock,
• Julian S. Reparaz,
• Clivia M. Sotomayor Torres,
• Alexander Klaiber,
• Thomas Dekorsy and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2161–2172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.222

• indispensable constituents in important technological devices such as flat panel displays, touch screens, solar cells and photocatalytic systems [1][2][3][4]. Among the different materials used for this purpose [5] such as carbon nanostructures [6][7][8], silver nanowires [9][10] or conducting polymers [11

Nanostructured superhydrophobic films synthesized by electrodeposition of fluorinated polyindoles

• Gabriela Ramos Chagas,
• Thierry Darmanin and
• Frédéric Guittard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2078–2087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.212

• oleophobic properties are obtained due to the presence of spherical nanoparticles and low surface energy compounds. Keywords: bioinspiration; conducting polymers; electrochemistry; nanostructures; polyindoles; superhydrophobic; Introduction The number of studies about materials with superhydrophobic

• allow one to obtain more easily superhydrophobic properties with higher robustness [13][14][15]. Controlling the surface energy and the roughness is hence fundamental to achieve the superhydrophobicity. All kind of materials can be used to reach superhydrophobicity, but conducting polymers have many

• advantages such as an easiness to functionalize and opto-electronic properties [16] with the possibility to introduce various dopants (smart materials) [17][18]. Conducting polymers are also exceptional materials for the control of surface nanostructures and wettability. First of all, nanostructures of

Electrochemical behavior of polypyrrol/AuNP composites deposited by different electrochemical methods: sensing properties towards catechol

• Celia García-Hernández,
• Cristina García-Cabezón,
• Cristina Medina-Plaza,
• Fernando Martín-Pedrosa,
• Yolanda Blanco,
• José Antonio de Saja and
• María Luz Rodríguez-Méndez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2052–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.209

• effects are not so pronounced on stainless steel, but acceptable LOD are attained with lower price sensors. Keywords: catechol; conducting polymers; electropolymerization; gold nanoparticles (AuNPs); polypyrrole; Introduction Polypyrrole (Ppy) is one of the most extensively studied, conducting polymers

• the appropriate selectivity, reproducibility and sensibility towards a particular application. Recently, composite nanomaterials based on conducting polymers and metal nanoparticles (NPs) of different metals have been developed. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have attracted considerable interest because

• , electrodes chemically modified with a variety of sensing materials (e.g., phthalocyanines or conducting polymers) have been successfully used as voltammetric sensors for the detection of antioxidants [27]. It has also been demonstrated that the combined use of electrocatalytic materials such as

Radiation losses in the microwave K_u band in magneto-electric nanocomposites

• Talwinder Kaur,
• Sachin Kumar,
• Jyoti Sharma and
• A. K. Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1700–1707, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.173

• the polymer contribute to high absorption over a wide range [5]. Hence, researchers turned their attention towards magnetic particles embedded in polymers [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] with a focus on composites of hexaferrite and conducting polymers [13][14][15][16][17][18]. M-type hexaferrite is an

Functionalization of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

• Eloise Van Hooijdonk,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Rony Snyders and
• Jean-François Colomer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 129–152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.14

• membrane. Feng et al. [140] opted for a polyaniline (PANI) matrix. This material is one of the most conducting polymers (Figure 18). Synthesis and characterization of conducting polymer polyaniline nanofibers was reported by Huang [141]. The major issue related to great disorder of the functionalized

Structural and electronic properties of oligo- and polythiophenes modified by substituents

• Simon P. Rittmeyer and
• Axel Groß

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 909–919, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.101

• charged polythiophenes demonstrate. Keywords: band gaps; conducting polymers; density functional theory calculations; molecular electronics; oligothiophenes; Introduction Since the first report about the electrical conductivity of doped polyacetylene (PA) in 1977 [1], significant efforts have been spent

Nanostructures for sensors, electronics, energy and environment

• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 351–352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.40

• and reduce the power consumption in gas sensors. Nanoelectronics is the next step in the electronic roadmap, with many devices currently in production already containing components smaller than 100 nm. Molecules [1][2] and conducting polymers [3] are at the forefront of this research with the goal of

Self-assembled monolayers and titanium dioxide: From surface patterning to potential applications

• Yaron Paz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 845–861, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.94